SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
Ripple current failure in electrolytic capacitors originates from internal heating caused by AC ripple superimposed on DC bias. Ripple heating accelerates electrolyte evaporation, increases ESR drift, and reduces effective capacitance. When internal heating combines with elevated ambient temperature, service life decreases faster than predictions based only on rated voltage or ambient rating.
System-Level Reliability Issue in SMPS and LED Drivers
Radial aluminum electrolytic capacitors in output filters experience continuous ripple stress. In SMPS topologies operating above 50kHz, RMS ripple current can exceed thermal design assumptions. In LED drivers, enclosed fixtures create high ambient conditions, further elevating capacitor core temperature.
Typical field symptoms include ESR rise, capacitance drop, ripple voltage increase, LED flicker, and output instability. These failures are thermal wear-out mechanisms rather than dielectric breakdown.
Electrothermal Mechanism of Ripple Heating
P = Iripple2 × ESR
Ripple current generates heat internally in the electrolyte and foil structure. Poor thermal dissipation causes localized temperature rise. Elevated core temperature accelerates electrolyte loss and oxide layer degradation, increasing ESR, which in turn increases ripple heating in a feedback loop.
Lifetime Impact Under Combined Stress
Temperature acceleration models show lifetime approximately halves for every 10°C rise. Ripple-induced core heating adds to ambient temperature, effectively pushing capacitors toward their endurance limits. Continuous operation environments such as LED luminaires and industrial power supplies show highest vulnerability.
Engineering Selection Criteria for Ripple Environments
Parameter
Design Consideration
Selection Impact
Ripple Current RMS
Measured at operating frequency
Defines thermal stress level
PCB Thermal Zone
Distance from MOSFETs / diodes
Affects core temperature rise
Operating Hours
Continuous vs intermittent
Determines endurance requirement
Ambient Temperature
Fixture enclosure / airflow
Lifetime acceleration factor
Series Comparison for Upgrade Without PCB Redesign
Series
Endurance
Ripple Handling
Typical Use
TS14 / TS13DB
105°C standard
General ripple
Control boards
TS13D2 / D4 / D8 / D9
5000–10000h
High ripple + high temp
LED drivers
TS13DI / D6
Low impedance
High frequency ripple
SMPS outputs
TS13DL / D1
Low leakage
Stable ESR
Precision circuits
TS13DM
Stable ESR
Audio ripple smoothing
Audio networks
Environment-Based Selection Strategy
Reliable operation requires selecting capacitors based on combined ripple and temperature conditions rather than voltage rating alone.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
Selecting the right SMD quartz crystal is a critical step in achieving stable clock performance for both MCU clock crystal and RTC crystal 32.768kHz applications. Package size alone is not enough. Frequency range, crystal structure, ESR, and application type must be considered together to avoid startup failures or long-term drift.
This guide explains how to approach SMD quartz crystal selection based on real design requirements, using three Suntan standard products as references: Suntan TSQ-3225SMD, Suntan TSQ-2016SMD, and Suntan TSQ-3215SMD.
MCU and SoC designs typically require crystal frequencies in the MHz range to drive system clocks, communication timing, or peripheral control. For these applications, AT-cut fundamental-mode crystals are commonly used.
Key Selection Factors for MCU Designs
Operating frequency range
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)
Package size and PCB layout constraints
Compatibility with reflow soldering
MCU clock crystal · 12–54MHz class
Suntan TSQ-3225SMD
Suntan TSQ-3225SMD is designed for high-frequency MCU clock applications where electrical margin and layout stability are priorities.
Package size: 3.2 × 2.5 mm
Frequency range: 12 MHz to 54 MHz
AT-cut, fundamental mode
Designed for automatic mounting and reflow soldering
Commonly selected for industrial controllers, communication modules, and general-purpose MCU designs where ESR margin and stable oscillation are required.
Suntan TSQ-2016SMD targets space-constrained MCU designs while maintaining high-frequency capability.
Package size: 2.0 × 1.6 mm
Frequency range: 20 MHz to 54 MHz
AT-cut, series or parallel resonance
Low aging with shock and vibration resistance
Commonly used in compact embedded systems and wireless modules where PCB area is limited. Validate oscillator startup margin based on your design constraints.
RTC circuits operate differently from MCU clocks. They rely on 32.768 kHz tuning-fork crystals optimized for ultra-low power consumption and long-term frequency stability.
RTC crystal 32.768kHz · tuning fork
Suntan TSQ-3215SMD
Suntan TSQ-3215SMD is a dedicated RTC crystal and should not be treated as a general-purpose clock source.
Package size: 3.2 × 1.5 mm
Fixed frequency: 32.768 kHz
Tuning fork crystal structure
Designed for reflow soldering (260℃ max)
Designed for real-time clocks, standby timers, and battery-powered systems requiring minimal current consumption.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
When evaluating polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitors for power supply designs, engineers and sourcing teams typically focus on three practical factors:
Electrical performance suitable for modern power circuits
Ease of sourcing with flexible lead time and MOQ
Smooth design-in without unnecessary cost burden
Suntan Technology · All Kinds of Capacitors. Polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitors designed for power supply and DC-DC applications.
Use the contact form for pricing, availability, and application inquiries.
Market Positioning of Suntan TS13 Polymer Series
Rather than competing purely at the premium end, the TS13 series targets engineers who need:
High performance aligned with low ESR and high ripple current requirements
Good availability, including flexible lead time and MOQ-friendly supply
Easy design-in, with familiar form factors for power and filtering circuits
This makes the TS13 series a practical option when comparing polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitors for commercial, industrial, and consumer power designs.
TS13 Polymer Series Overview
Series
Package
Category Temperature
Key Strengths
Typical Applications
TS13CP
SMD
105°C
Compact size, low ESR, high ripple current
High-density PCB, consumer electronics, communication devices
High-efficiency power supplies, DC-DC converters, mainboard filtering
Each model within the Suntan TS13 Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors family is designed to support different power supply environments without adding unnecessary complexity to the design process.
Application-Oriented Selection Guide
TS13CP: Compact SMD Polymer Capacitors for High-Density Power Designs
The Suntan TS13CP Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors are SMD conductive polymer aluminum solid electrolytic capacitors, designed for space-constrained PCB layouts.
Compact SMD form factor
Low ESR and high ripple current capability
Compatibility with lead-free reflow soldering
Suitable for compact power supply circuits, consumer electronics, and communication equipment, where board space and assembly efficiency are critical.
TS13EX: Radial Polymer Capacitors for High-Temperature Environments
The Suntan TS13EX Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors are designed for applications where thermal stability is a primary concern. With a category temperature rating up to 125°C, TS13EX supports:
Industrial power supplies
Automotive-related electronics
Power circuits located near heat-generating components
A suitable choice when evaluating polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitors for high-temperature power applications.
TS13EY: Low ESR Polymer Capacitors for DC-DC and Power Filtering
The Suntan TS13EY Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors focus on super low ESR and high ripple current, supporting efficient power conversion and stable filtering.
DC-DC converters
Mainboard power filtering
High-efficiency power supply designs
Often considered when engineers require low ESR polymer capacitors without moving to premium-cost components.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
Image: Suntan TS04S — Double-sided metallized polypropylene film circular axial capacitor, engineered for high-voltage endurance, low dielectric loss, and long-term reliability in SMPS, LED drivers, inverter, and industrial power applications.
Why Polarity-Free Metallized Capacitors Matter in Modern Circuit Design
In modern power electronics and signal-processing applications, the need for metalized capacitors with stable, safe, and polarity-free operation is more important than ever. Whether in SMPS power stages, LED drivers, audio coupling lines, or AC filters, designers benefit greatly from capacitors that maintain performance across changing temperatures, voltage stresses, and operating frequencies.
The TS04S Double-Sided Metallized Polypropylene Film Axial Capacitor is engineered precisely for these needs. Its metallized polypropylene dielectric, axial lead configuration, and inherently non-polar structure make it versatile for bidirectional circuits, high-frequency AC environments, and applications requiring predictable long-term stability.
This article explains the fundamentals behind its non-polar behavior, explores its electrical advantages, and outlines key reasons why the TS04S is an ideal replacement option for a wide range of metallized film capacitor models.
1. Understanding Non-Polar Film Capacitors: The Core Advantage of Metallized Polypropylene
Unlike electrolytic capacitors, which are polarized by construction, metallized polypropylene film capacitors operate without polarity. This means they can be installed in either direction and can safely handle AC waveforms without reverse-voltage stress.
The TS04S achieves this through several dielectric characteristics:
Symmetrical film layers, eliminating polarity concerns
Double-sided metallization, supporting balanced current flow
Polypropylene dielectric, known for high insulation resistance and low dissipation
Why non-polarity is a major engineering advantage:
No risk of reverse-bias failure
Simplified PCB assembly
Greater safety margin in AC and pulse circuits
Highly stable performance under varying waveforms
Ideal for signal coupling and audio paths
By removing polarity constraints entirely, the TS04S becomes a much more flexible choice for design engineers.
2. Stable Low-Loss Performance for Power and Signal Applications
The TS04S uses metallized polypropylene film, which offers one of the lowest dissipation factors among capacitor dielectrics. Its low-loss behavior is critical in applications such as:
SMPS switching stages
Inverter gate drive circuits
LED driver filtering
Snubber and protection networks
Audio DC-blocking and coupling
Key low-loss characteristics include:
Very low tanδ, minimizing heat generation
Reduced ESR and stable impedance characteristics
High dielectric strength with predictable voltage endurance
Reliability under repetitive AC or pulse stress
These properties not only enhance circuit performance but also extend equipment lifespan—a major consideration for industrial, commercial, and lighting systems.
Suntan TS04S Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor – optimized for SMPS, inverter and industrial HV filtering.
3. Axial Mounting for Mechanical and Thermal Stability
Axial capacitors are valued for their mechanical stability and secure through-hole mounting. The TS04S’s axial configuration further enhances performance under vibration, temperature cycling, and pulse loading.
Benefits of axial construction in the TS04S:
Better heat distribution along the lead-out path
Lower inductance than many radial designs
Secure anchoring in industrial equipment
Suitable for high-frequency or pulse environments
Consistent performance in thermally stressed applications
This makes the TS04S reliable for the heavy-duty conditions common in power converters, motor controllers, and inverter modules.
4. Cross-Reference Potential: A Practical Advantage for OEMs and Distributors
The TS04S is engineered to be compatible with various global metallized film capacitor standards, allowing it to serve as a direct drop-in substitute for numerous axial capacitor models.
Cross-reference benefits include:
Easier procurement planning
Faster replacement during supply-chain shortages
Reduction of multi-brand stocking requirements
Simplified qualification for new designs
For distributors, the ability to consolidate inventory through a single, widely compatible capacitor series significantly reduces procurement complexity and warehouse burden.
For OEM manufacturers, the TS04S offers a reliable and consistent supply stream—reducing the risks caused by vendor-specific shortages.
5. Reliability Requirements for SMPS, Inverter, and LED Systems
SMPS, inverter, and LED power systems place demanding electrical stress on capacitors. The TS04S is designed to operate reliably under these exact conditions.
Performance strengths include:
High insulation resistance
Excellent temperature stability
Consistent capacitance under AC ripple
Self-healing metallized film structure
Resistance to voltage spikes and transient pulses
These characteristics ensure robust, long-term performance even in high-switching-frequency environments.
Application examples where TS04S excels:
High-frequency inverter circuits
LED driver AC filtering and smoothing
SMPS snubber and resonance networks
Gate driver isolation circuits
DC-blocking and audio signal coupling
Because the TS04S is both polarity-free and low-loss, it is suitable for energy-efficient and thermally critical designs.
Suntan TS04S Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor – optimized for SMPS, inverter and industrial HV filtering.
6. Polarity-Free Handling Benefits for Assembly, Testing, and Long-Term Maintenance
One of the most practical advantages of the TS04S is its polarity-free design, eliminating orientation errors during assembly and field servicing.
Benefits include:
No directional alignment needed during placement
Reduced assembly defects
Faster production line handling
Simplified repair or replacement procedures
Lower training requirements for assembly personnel
In high-volume manufacturing environments—such as LED lighting, power supply, or control module factories—this translates to measurable gains in throughput and quality consistency.
7. Why the TS04S Is a Strong Choice for Long-Life Industrial and Power Electronics
The TS04S combines all major factors that engineers and procurement teams value:
Non-polar metallized polypropylene dielectric
Stable, low-loss electrical performance
Axial structure with strong thermal endurance
Cross-brand replacement compatibility
High reliability under AC, pulse, and mixed-frequency conditions
Its design aligns with the durability requirements of industrial automation, communication equipment, power conversion modules, and LED lighting systems—making it a capacitor series suitable for both new designs and long-term product platforms.
Conclusion
The TS04S Double-Sided Metallized Polypropylene Film Axial Capacitor offers a combination of polarity-free operation, low-loss electrical performance, mechanical robustness, and cross-brand compatibility that makes it an excellent choice for power electronics, signal coupling, and AC filtering applications.
Engineers benefit from its predictable performance and design flexibility, while procurement teams appreciate the simplified sourcing and replacement potential. With its non-polar dielectric, stable thermal behavior, and long-term reliability, the TS04S is well suited for SMPS, inverter, LED driver, and general-purpose industrial circuits.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
Suntan TS09Q Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor – optimized for SMPS, inverter and industrial HV filtering.
Polypropylene Film Capacitor for HV Applications｜TS09Q Overview
Engineers working on SMPS, LED drivers, industrial control systems or inverter stages often require a high-voltage polypropylene film capacitor with predictable behavior and long-term stability. The Suntan TS09Q Metallized PP Film Capacitor is built around these demands, offering low loss, stable capacitance and consistent dielectric performance according to its official datasheet.
Throughout 2024–2025, global demand for high-voltage film capacitors has grown rapidly—especially in EV charging stations, solar inverters, industrial automation and high-efficiency LED lighting. Designers increasingly favor PP film for its reliability under thermal and electrical stress. The TS09Q aligns directly with these market requirements.
TS09Q Series – Official catalog product appearance.
Key Electrical Characteristics
Voltage range: 630V, 1000V, 1250V, 1600V, 2000V DC
Dissipation factor: Tanδ ≤ 0.001 at 1kHz
Operating temperature: −40°C to +85°C
Dielectric: Metallized polypropylene (PP) film
Tolerances: ±5%, ±10%
Why Polypropylene Film Remains Essential in HV Designs
Despite rising interest in MLCC and polymer capacitors, metallized polypropylene film remains the preferred choice for HV filtering, pulse absorption and snubber circuits. Industry reports in 2025 highlight:
Dielectric stability across wide frequency ranges
Reliable high-voltage endurance in inverter and resonant topologies
Self-healing properties for improved safety and longer service life
As global regulations tighten around energy efficiency and power quality, PP film capacitors like the TS09Q offer predictable failure modes and long-term reliability—making them a consistent choice for designers.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
Most selection decisions around a 6×6 mm tactile switch come down to four key parameters: operating force, actuator height, mounting method (TH vs SMD), and mechanical travel consistency.
This guide summarizes these parameters purely based on the official Suntan datasheets and shows how to quickly map your mechanical constraints and fingertip feel requirements to the right part number.
Key 6×6 mm Tactile Switch Series Covered
All models below share a common 6×6 mm footprint while offering different actuator heights, operating forces and mounting options for appliance, industrial and module-based designs.
TSS-TC-12XA – Multi-height actuator options (4.3–15 mm, TH)
TSS-TC-0010 – Low-profile 3.8 mm actuator (TH)
TSS-TC-0010 – Top view for compact control keypads
TSS-TC-12XA – Extended actuator for deep panels
TSS-TD-03XG – 6×6 mm SMD type for reflow
1. Mechanical Travel Consistency (0.25 ± 0.1 mm)
All Suntan tactile switches in the 6×6 mm category share the same mechanical travel:
0.25 ± 0.1 mm travel
Covered series:
TSS-TC-0010 (Through-Hole)
TSS-TC-12XA / TSS-TC-12XT (Through-Hole)
TSS-TD-03XG / TSS-TD-06XG (SMD)
Engineering relevance A uniform travel spec helps maintain predictable tactile feedback, reduces variation between production batches, and stabilizes interface behavior in appliance, industrial, and module-based designs.
High-intent keywords: tactile switch force options, 160gf tact switch, 250gf industrial switch, momentary switch operating force comparison.
3. Actuator Height Selection (3.8–15 mm)
Choosing the correct actuator height prevents enclosure mismatch, unwanted pre-load, or insufficient key travel. All height values below are taken from Suntan’s 6×6 mm tactile switch datasheets.
These options allow designers to compensate for front-panel thickness, overlay stacks and mechanical tolerances while keeping the same electrical and tactile behavior.
The matrix below combines the available actuator height range (3.8–15 mm) with the operating force options (100–250 gf). It is intended as a quick reference when balancing enclosure mechanics and fingertip feel.
Height range (mm)
Operating force range (gf)
Typical feel
Typical design scenarios
3.8–6 mm (e.g. TSS-TC-0010, lower TSS-TC-12XA heights)
100–130 gf
Light, quick press
Compact keypads, low-profile modules, handheld devices where users press frequently and expect low fatigue.
3.8–6 mm
160–170 gf
Standard, well-defined click
General-purpose control panels, white goods, audio front panels where a clear confirmation click is preferred without being too heavy.
7–10 mm (mid-height TSS-TC-12XA options)
160–170 gf
Standard, pronounced feedback
Products with thicker overlays or decorative panels, where additional height is needed to reach the user while keeping typical tact switch feel.
7–10 mm
190–250 gf
Heavy, deliberate press
Industrial panels, test equipment and machinery with possible vibration, where accidental operation must be minimized.
11–15 mm (tallest TSS-TC-12XA options)
160–170 gf
Extended stem, standard force
Deep enclosures, designs with keycaps or decorative knobs mounted above the tact switch, while preserving familiar tactile response.
11–15 mm
190–250 gf
Extended stem, heavy force
Ruggedized or outdoor interfaces, glove operation, and applications where users must confirm the press through a strong click even on tall actuators.
Select force range: lighter for frequent presses; heavier for noisy or glove environments.
Pick part number: choose the TC/TD series and code combination that matches your row in the table.
Application Video｜Vertical Type and Through-Hole Waterproof Tactile Switches
Suntan Technology – Vertical type and through-hole waterproof tactile switches video overview. Useful as a reference when evaluating 6×6 mm tact switch options in real applications.
For detailed curves, lifetime expectations and full dimension drawings, please refer to the official Suntan datasheets for TSS-TC-0010, TSS-TC-12XA / TSS-TC-12XT, and TSS-TD-03XG / TSS-TD-06XG, or contact our sales team for application support.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
Image: Suntan TS12 Series Gold Capacitors — Fast Charge • Long Life • Low ESR.
Why Engineers Ditch Batteries for Supercapacitors – Inside TS12 Tech
In next-generation IoT devices, smart meters, and embedded controllers, engineers are replacing chemical batteries with supercapacitors to achieve stable, maintenance-free power backup. The Suntan TS12 Series leads this transition with gold capacitor energy storage that combines high reliability, low ESR, and long lifetime performance.
Battery Limitations vs. Supercapacitors
Conventional batteries degrade quickly under repetitive charge–discharge cycles and extreme temperatures. They often fail to sustain memory modules or communication chips during voltage drops. In contrast, supercapacitors vs batteries excel by offering instant energy release and nearly unlimited cycle life.
Meet the TS12 Gold Capacitor Family
The Suntan TS12 Series provides 5.5V–6.3V rated options with compact size and outstanding endurance, ideal for stable energy storage and voltage backup.
Operating Range: −25°C to +70°C (wide industrial range)
Capacitance: 0.047F–1.0F typical (expandable up to 3000F for high power models)
Cycle Life: >100,000 charge/discharge cycles
Compliance: Pb-Free, RoHS
Engineer’s choice: Compact backup for data loggers and communication nodes requiring stable voltage retention after power loss.
Technical Insight: Energy Density, Power Density & Internal Resistance
Energy Density (Wh/kg)
TS12 supercapacitors achieve 2–10 Wh/kg — lower than Li-ion batteries but optimized for instant power delivery. This makes them ideal for short-term backup or bridging power gaps.
Power Density (W/kg)
With up to 10,000 W/kg, the TS12 handles peak current surges where batteries lag. In industrial PLCs and solar inverters, this ensures uninterrupted logic control during brownouts.
Internal Resistance (ESR)
TS12 features a low ESR design—typically below 50 mΩ for radial types—reducing heat buildup and voltage drop. Ideal for real-time energy recovery in high reliability energy components such as UPS modules and EV auxiliary systems.
Application Environments
From smart factories to renewable energy systems, TS12 delivers maintenance-free operation even under humidity, vibration, and temperature stress.
From the Supercapacitor vs Battery Debate to Real-World Reliability
When comparing supercapacitor vs battery systems, engineers look beyond capacity — they evaluate cycle life, ESR stability, and thermal reliability. The Suntan TS12 Series offers consistent energy storage and power backup for IoT devices, outperforming batteries in frequent charge/discharge environments.
In real-world applications such as smart meters and solar controllers, the TS12 provides a maintenance-free energy solution that minimizes service interruptions. Its low ESR capacitor structure ensures stable voltage during load switching, which is critical for embedded electronics and data stability.
High Reliability Energy Components for Critical Systems
Each TS12 variant is part of Suntan’s high reliability energy components lineup. The industrial supercapacitor module supports buffering in UPS systems, EV auxiliary circuits, and industrial PLCs where rapid power recovery is essential.
By integrating gold capacitor energy storage technology with low internal resistance, the TS12 family ensures long-term stability even under temperature swings and vibration, providing dependable performance for critical embedded systems.
Efficient and Reliable Energy with Suntan Gold Capacitors
Video: Suntan TS12 Series — Power backup for IoT, smart meters, and controllers.
SUNTAN TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LIMITED · ALL KINDS OF CAPACITORS
In every power stage — AC/DC front end, DC/DC conversion, LED driver output, telecom DC rail, and motor drive feedback — the rectifier diode directly impacts conversion efficiency, junction temperature, and long-term reliability. An unsuitable diode can waste power as heat, reduce thermal margin, and shorten service life in the field.
Scope This application note compares fast recovery rectifiers and Schottky barrier rectifiers, using four Suntan parts (ES2J, RS3M, SS310, SS510) as reference. It covers reverse voltage rating (VRRM), average forward current (IF(AV)), forward voltage drop (VF), reverse recovery behavior (trr), surge capability (IFSM), and thermal resistance (RθJL). The objective is to help you select an efficient fast switching diode / low VF Schottky rectifier for switch-mode power supplies (SMPS), LED lighting, telecom DC modules, and industrial control systems.
1. Fast Recovery vs. Schottky: Core Electrical Behavior
Reverse recovery, forward loss, and voltage class
The first design decision in rectifier diode selection is typically: “fast recovery or Schottky?”. These two categories behave very differently under reverse recovery stress, surge events, and operating temperature.
Fast Recovery Rectifiers (ES2J, RS3M) PN-junction devices with controlled minority carrier lifetime. They provide fast reverse recovery while maintaining high reverse voltage capability (up to the 600 V – 1000 V class). Typical use: PFC stages, inverters, industrial motor control feedback paths, high-voltage rails.
Schottky Barrier Rectifiers (SS310, SS510) Metal–semiconductor junction. Very low charge storage, extremely fast switching, and a low forward voltage drop (often ~0.55–0.85 V). This low VF directly reduces conduction loss in low-voltage, high-frequency rails such as SMPS secondary rectifiers, LED driver outputs, and telecom DC distribution.
Rule of thumb: Use fast recovery when you require high-voltage robustness and stable thermal behavior. Use Schottky when you need low forward loss and ultra-fast switching in low-voltage power paths (≤ 100 V).
2. Electrical Comparison of Suntan Rectifier Series
ES2J provides ultra-fast recovery (35 ns), suited for high-frequency converters. RS3M supports up to 1000 V, used in industrial control and inverter applications. SS310 / SS510 offer low forward drop (~0.55–0.85 V class) and high switching efficiency, helping reduce thermal loss in compact SMPS output stages.
3. Application-Oriented Selection Guide
Voltage range, load current, switching frequency, thermal path
Operating Voltage (VRRM)
High-voltage rails (≥ 400 V): ES2J or RS3M provide the reverse blocking margin. Low-voltage outputs (≤ 100 V): SS310 or SS510 minimize forward loss on the secondary side.
Average Forward Current (IF(AV))
SS510 (5 A) supports heavier load current and strong surge (IFSM 100 A). ES2J (2 A) and RS3M (3 A) fit compact power modules, feedback paths, and general rectification stages.
Switching Frequency
Fast recovery diodes are suitable for tens to hundreds of kHz switching. Schottky diodes excel in MHz-range SMPS outputs thanks to negligible reverse recovery charge.
Thermal Management
All listed devices specify RθJL below 20 °C/W, enabling efficient heat flow into the PCB / copper plane in SMB/SMC packages. Schottky parts naturally run cooler at the same load because of lower VF.
4. Common Engineering Questions
Design notes for SMPS, telecom power, LED drivers
Q1. How do I choose between ES2J and RS3M in a power converter?
Answer: Use ES2J for faster switching and moderate voltage (≤ 600 V). Choose RS3M when you need higher blocking voltage (up to 1000 V), especially in industrial control or motor drive environments.
Q2. Can a Schottky rectifier replace a fast recovery diode directly?
Answer: Not always. Schottky rectifiers deliver higher efficiency because of low VF, but they typically carry lower reverse voltage ratings (≤ 100 V). Dropping a Schottky into a high-voltage node without verifying surge clamps / snubbers can cause breakdown.
Q3. Why does forward voltage (VF) matter in SMPS output stages?
Answer: VF is direct conduction loss. Reducing VF from ~1.3 V to ~0.7 V can improve conversion efficiency by ~2–3%, which is meaningful in compact AC/DC adapters, LED lighting drivers, and telecom modules that already run near their thermal ceiling.
Q4. Are Suntan rectifiers qualified for industrial reliability?
Answer: Yes. All Suntan rectifiers are UL 94V-0 rated, glass-passivated, and evaluated per MIL-STD-750 Method 2026 for solderability. This supports long-term durability under thermal cycling and reflow soldering.
5. Summary
Efficiency and reliability through correct diode selection
Fast Recovery (ES2J, RS3M) High reverse voltage capability and controlled reverse recovery. Typical in PFC stages, inverter feedback loops, and industrial control.
Schottky (SS310, SS510) Low forward voltage and minimal switching loss. Ideal for SMPS secondary rectification, LED drivers, and telecom DC rails where low VF = lower heat.
Thermal / Surge Stability All four Suntan parts show stable thermal resistance and strong surge capability (IFSM), supporting long service life in compact SMD designs.
Selecting by VRRM, IF(AV), VF, and trr is a direct way to increase power efficiency, maintain thermal margin, and extend field reliability in next-generation power systems.
6. Reference and Contact
Datasheets, samples, and cross-reference support
For full electrical characteristics and rectifier diode datasheets (fast recovery, fast switching, Schottky barrier / low VF), please contact Suntan. Our engineering team supports part selection, thermal evaluation, and form-fit-function replacement for power supply design, telecom modules, LED lighting, and industrial control.
Overview of Suntan ES2J / RS3M fast recovery rectifiers and SS310 / SS510 Schottky barrier rectifiers. Typical usage: switch-mode power supplies (SMPS), LED lighting drivers, telecom DC rails, and industrial control modules where low forward voltage and thermal stability matter.
Figure 2. Package / application reference
ES2J (super fast recovery), RS3M (fast switching), SS310 / SS510 (Schottky, low VF). These DO-214AA / DO-214AB SMD rectifier diodes are widely used in AC/DC front ends, DC/DC converters, LED lighting drivers, and telecom / industrial power modules where surge capability and thermal margin are critical.
Suntan Technology Company Limited – All Kinds of Capacitors
When RF designers evaluate silver mica capacitors for RF filters, oscillator circuits, and high-voltage precision electronics, stability isn’t optional—it’s everything. A slight capacitance drift can detune filters, lower Q, and degrade long-term reliability in demanding RF and industrial environments.
That’s why engineers select the Suntan TS23 Series Silver Mica Capacitors—a family engineered for high stability, low loss at high frequency, and dependable performance under voltage and temperature stress.
Suntan TS23 Series Silver Mica Capacitors – Engineered for Stability in RF and High-Voltage Designs
The TS23 Series addresses a broad range of RF and precision use cases with wide capacitance ranges, tight tolerance options, and rated voltages up to 500 VDC, enabling predictable performance in communication modules, industrial control systems, precision amplifiers, and high-frequency analog front-ends.
TS23 Series at a Glance — Key Electrical Characteristics
Why This Series Works for RF Filters, Oscillators, and Precision Amplifiers
Across the family, the mica dielectric and silver electrode construction deliver low loss (low dissipation factor), high-Q behavior, and stable capacitance over temperature and bias—ideal for RF matching networks, IF filters, VCO/LC oscillators, and precision audio front-ends requiring high linearity and predictable phase response.
The Advantage of Silver Electrodes
Unlike film or general ceramic types, the TS23 series uses a silver-electrode mica structure to mitigate oxidation and dielectric instability over time. It maintains consistent capacitance under load, enhancing phase accuracy and long-term reliability in high-frequency and high-voltage designs.
The result is a predictable, high-stability RF capacitor family that simplifies design-in and sustains performance in harsh environments.
Applications That Rely on TS23
Application Field
Engineering Challenge
How TS23 Solves It
RF Filters & Oscillators
Frequency drift and phase shift
High-Q silver mica dielectric minimizes loss and detuning
High-Voltage Circuits
Breakdown under surge or heat
Rated up to 500 VDC; series supports 200% withstand test (per model)
Precision Amplifiers
Noise and signal distortion
Ultra-stable capacitance improves linearity and gain accuracy
Industrial Power Modules
Thermal stress & humidity
High insulation and low loss support long service life
TS23 Series — silver mica capacitors with low loss and high stability for RF & high-voltage designs.
Watch and Learn
See how the TS23 Series maintains precision in real RF and high-voltage conditions, ensuring stable capacitance, low dissipation factor, and robust insulation resistance.
Suntan Technology Company Limited – All Kinds of Capacitors
👉 Pain Point: Multi-brand selection increases qualification effort and BOM variance. 👉 Highlight:Suntan TSR-11~TSR-16 unifies digital knob trimming potentiometers and wirewound power resistors (up to 10 kW) for consistent panel and load-bank design.
Suntan TSR-11~16 Series — from precision control (digital knobs) to high-power load (wirewound), engineered for automation and testing.
Comprehensive Series for Diverse Applications
TSR-11 ~ TSR-13 (Digital Knobs) — fixed mounting, 6.35 mm shaft; suitable for calibration and control panels where repeatability matters.
TSR-14 ~ TSR-16 (Wirewound) — heat-sink/aluminum-housed structures; power-handling options covering control loads, braking and test fixtures (up to 10 kW within the series).
Q1. What’s the practical split between digital knob and wirewound?
Digital knob (TSR-11~13) supports indexed adjustment on control/calibration panels; wirewound (TSR-14~16) targets power handling for load/braking where thermal stability is key.
Q2. Does the series cover high-power needs?
Yes. The lineup reaches up to 10 kW within the wirewound range (per datasheet and proper thermal practice).
Q3. Why does one series help procurement?
Shared family standards reduce BOM variance, ease qualification across sites, and stabilize replenishment plans.
