Suntan Blog

When DC voltage is applied, leakage current flows through a capacitor. The leakage current of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is larger than other types of capacitors; furthermore, the leakage current changes according to the temperature, applied voltage and application time.  If considering an equivalent circuit, the leakage current can be thought as the current flows through a resistance, which is connected in parallel to a capacitor. Leakage current becomes the power loss when capacitors are charged and self-discharge source when capacitors are discharged; therefore, it increases with error for the theoretical formulas.

The time constant in charge becomes lager than theoretical value and time constant in discharge becomes smaller than theoretical value. It is important to confirm that the capacitor meets the necessary requirements within the operating temperature range of the equipment, when using an aluminum electrolytic capacitor in a timing circuit.

An aluminum electrolytic capacitor consists of cathode aluminum foil, capacitor paper (electrolytic paper), electrolyte, and an aluminum oxide film, which acts as the dielectric, formed on the anode foil surface.

A very thin oxide film formed by electrolytic oxidation (formation) offers superior dielectric constant and has rectifying properties.  When in contact with an electrolyte, the oxide film possesses an excellent forward direction insulation property.  Together with magnified effective surface area attained by etching the foil, a high capacitance yet small sized capacitor is available.

As previously mentioned, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is constructed by using two strips of aluminum foil (anode and cathode) with paper interleaved.  This foil and paper are then wound into an element and impregnated with electrolyte. The construction of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is illustrated in Fig below.

The reliability of the solid tantalum capacitor is heavily influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, shock, vibration, mechanical stresses, and electric stresses, including applied voltage, current, ripple current, transient current and voltage, and frequency. When using solid tantalum capacitors, therefore, provide enough margin so that the reliability of the capacitors is maintained. Voltage and temperature are important parameters when estimating the reliability.

Large capacitors are connected to the amplifier much the same way a battery is. This means that the capacitor's positive terminal is connected to the amplifier's positive terminal (which also means that it's connected to the battery's positive terminal). The same is true of the capacitor's negative terminal (the cap's negative terminal is connected to chassis ground with the amplifier's negative ground terminal). Like this...

Large capacitors are used as a sort of electrical shock absorber. As voltage starts to rise, the capacitor will absorb energy which will tend to keep the voltage from rising as quickly as it otherwise would. If the voltage starts to fall, the capacitor's stored energy will flow out of the capacitor to try to keep the voltage up. A capacitor's ability to absorb/release energy from/to external circuits depends on the capacitor's specs (capacitance, ESR, ESL...), the output impedance of the power source (alternator and power wire in this case) and the circuit's input impedance (into the amplifier's power supply).

Suntan is a manufacturer for below range of trimming potentiometers, we offer "Suntan" brand competitive price, very speedy delivery ( mostly on stock),  and very high quality.  And our products are well crossed to Bourns Brand. Do you want to try our price?

Trimming Potentiometers List

TSR-3006 - Rectangular Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3323 - 7 Terminal Square Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3296 - 5 Terminal Square Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3362 - 9 Terminal Square Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3386 - 8 Terminal Square Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3329 - Circularity Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3266 - 5 Terminal Square Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3318 - 6mm Phenolic Round Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3306 - 6mm Cermet Round Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3309 - 9mm Round Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-065 - Phenolic Trimming Potentiometers
TSR-3590 - Precision Multiturn Wirewoud Potentiometer
TSR-105H - 6 Terminal Trimming Potentiometers

Another method for suppressing voltage spikes is the transient voltage suppression diode (TVS). Although diodes do not have as much capacity to conduct large surges as Metal Oxide Varistor, diodes are not degraded by smaller surges and can be implemented with a lower "clamping voltage". Metal Oxide Varistor degrade from repeated exposure to surges and generally have a higher "clamping voltage" so that leakage does not degrade the Metal Oxide Varistor. Both types are available over a wide range of voltages. Metal Oxide Varistor tend to be more suitable for higher voltages, because they can conduct the higher associated energies at less cost.

Another type of transient suppressor is the gas tube suppressor. This is a type of spark gap that may use air or an inert gas mixture and often, a small amount of radioactive material such as Ni-63, to provide a more consistent breakdown voltage and reduce response time. Unfortunately, these devices may have higher breakdown voltages and longer response times than varistors. However, they can handle significantly higher fault currents and withstand multiple high-voltage hits (for example, from lightning) without significant degradation.

(1) Ensure that PCB hole spacing complies the terminal spacing requirement of the intended Trimmer Capacitor model. Incorrect hole spacing may lower Trimmer Capacitor performance due to excessive stress applied the terminal.

(2) Mount Trimmer Capacitor in contact with PCB.

(3) Do not apply bending stress after the Trimmer Capacitor has been mounted to the PCB.

(4) Note Trimmer Capacitor polarity to minimize the influence of stray Capacitance . Refer to the outlines of each model.

(5) Do not warp and /or bend PC board to prevent Trimmer Capacitor from breakage.

Suntan is a tinfoil capacitor of the highest class. Solid tinfoil, together with high grade polypropylene as dielectric, are used in its manufacture. This massive tin layer improves the sound properties in unexpected ways: Because of the great weight of the tinfoil and the resulting mass inertia, oscillation of the foil and the accompanying micro phonic effect are effectively prevented.

No matter where you use the Suntan Supreme--as a coupling capacitor in your CD player or amplifier, or in the crossover of your speakers--you always get the same surprising and impressive performance. This capacitor mobilizes such unbelievable reserves in your sound system that it is really justified to speak of a new dimension of music reproduction. Furthermore, the effect is not only achieved with very expensive high-end components. It delivers a significant enhancement in more price-conscious configurations, making it a very worthwhile upgrade.

Capacitance value measured at 1 MHz will be within tolerance limits.
Capacitors will withstand two times the rated voltage for one to five seconds without arcing. The charging current is limited to 50 mA.
Insulation resistance will be greater than 100,000 megaohms when measured at 100V DC.
D.F. as per graph below.

(for C < 80 pf and C > 1000 pf )
Operating temperature (-) 55° C to (+) 125° C.

A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator). When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors a static electric field develops in the dielectric that stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the conductors. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance,measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.

Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other purposes.